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Introduction to Non-Terrestrial Networks

Feb. 20, 2025
Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are communication network systems that use satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles to seamlessly connect mobile terminals in mountainous areas, at sea, and in the sky, which cannot be served by ground communication base stations. NTNs offer Internet access to areas that lack infrastructure. This document provides an overview of NTN technology and the issues involved, to understand the fundamentals of NTNs.

NTN is a network that provides a communication environment, via wireless communication based on satellites and unmanned aerialvehicles, to areas that cannot be served by terrestrial networks. A variety of platforms are already in use, including satellites ingeostationary orbit (GEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and low earth orbit (LEO), as well as aircraft (Table 1). Within the aircraftcategory, to commercialize NTNs using High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), demonstrationtests are underway to put NTNs into practical use.

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